Goods Received Not Invoiced (GRNI) analysis helps finance teams understand accepted receipts that have not been fully invoiced or matched. The same report may also surface negative differences, where recorded invoicing exceeds the comparable receipt value. Both positive and negative exceptions deserve review; focusing only on aged positive balances leaves an important blind spot.
Define the GRNI calculation
For each matched receipt group, a common starting calculation is accepted receipt value − matched invoice value, measured using the same tax treatment and currency. The precise accounting and matching rules should follow the organisation's policies. When currencies differ, retain source currency, conversion rate, translation date and the chosen reporting currency.
Apply an as-at date to aging
Age open balances from the documented receipt date to the reporting as-at date. Do not hardcode a calendar day such as the 30th: doing so can make an item look overdue before it truly is. A useful analysis groups open items into configurable buckets—such as current, 1–30, 31–60, 61–90 and over 90 days—but thresholds should match the organisation's policy and expected invoice lead times.
Investigate positive and negative differences differently
Positive GRNI: The receipt value exceeds matched invoicing. Confirm whether an invoice is genuinely missing, awaiting posting, partially invoiced or mismatched to another purchase order.
Negative GRNI: Matched invoice value exceeds accepted receipt value. Examine over-invoicing, incorrect receipt quantities, duplicate invoice matching, price differences, returns and reversal timing. A negative value is an exception signal, not proof that the supplier acted improperly.
Use data-quality checks before closing cases
Flag blank receipt dates, missing supplier references, zero or missing exchange rates, unusually large differences and inconsistent signs. A missing FX rate must not silently turn a monetary exposure into zero. If the source data cannot support a conclusion, report the item as a data-quality exception and require review.
Reconcile the report to the ledger
Summarise opening balance, matched invoicing, recognised receipts, supported adjustments and closing balance. Check whether the GRNI subledger agrees with the applicable general-ledger balance, and identify separate timing or manual-journal differences. Each unresolved material item should carry an owner, evidence reference and next action.
Free resource: Read our GRNI Investigation Guide for a systematic review process.
Approvals, accrual judgments and accounting adjustments must remain with authorised finance personnel.
Put this into practice: GRNI Intelligence & Aging shows what has been received but not invoiced, how old it is, who over-invoiced you and whether GRNI agrees to the general ledger. Macro-free Excel with a Worked Example and a Blank edition, one-time payment, instant download. Or start with the free GRNI Aging Investigation Guide (printable PDF).